| |
|
Program or Study Name: |
National Avian Influenza Surveillance - National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) |
|
|
For current information about avian influenza, please visit
http://www.usda.gov/birdflu
|
|
General Information: |
| Species: |
|
Avian |
| Disease: |
|
Avian influenza |
| Contact Agency: |
|
USDA, APHIS, VS, National Center for Animal Health Programs (NCAHP) |
| Overview: |
|
The National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) is a cooperative Federal-state-industry program in which new diagnostic technology can be effectively applied to the improvement of poultry and poultry products throughout the country. Provisions, which are jointly developed by industry members and state and Federal officials, establish standards for the evaluation of poultry breeding stock and hatchery products with respect to freedom from egg-transmitted and hatchery-disseminated diseases. Through this work, the NPIP provides certification that poultry and poultry products destined for interstate and international shipment are free of all such diseases. Each participating hatchery is inspected at least once a year to satisfy the Official State Agency requirements that hatchery operations are in compliance with the Plan’s provisions. Participation in the NPIP is open to all producers who can make their poultry facilities meet Plan requirements. The integrity of the NPIP is maintained through a system of random inspections managed by state cooperators. |
|
Disease Information: |
| Disease Information: |
|
Avian influenza (AI) virus is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and consists of numerous serotypes that occur at low or high pathogenicity. The low pathogenicity subtypes are found worldwide in wild and domestic birds and are endemic to the U.S. High pathogencity subtypes (H5 and H7) occur sporadically and are considered a foreign animal disease (FAD) in the U.S. HPAI infections cause severe economic losses to affected poultry producers. Low pathogenic subtypes can mutate to high pathogenic subtypes if allowed to circulate within poultry populations. Clinical signs vary with pathogenicity but can include depression, anorexia, fever, weakness, decreased egg production, neurological signs, edema of the face and neck, diarrhea, respiratory signs, petechial hemorrhage, or acute death. AI is highly contagious, transmitted via direct or indirect contact by respiratory secretions, feces, airborne virus, or mechanically. AI is carried asymptomatically by reservoirs such as ducks, geese, and shorebirds; they are able to disseminate the viruses worldwide because of their migration over long distances, spreading the viruses through contaminated feces. Control methods include vaccination, biosecurity, quarantine, and depopulation. Due to the potential for high production losses and the ability for the virus to infect humans, AI is a significant threat to trade and, in turn, the global economy. |
|
Details about the Surveillance Program or Study: |
| Population: |
|
The NPIP program for AI includes 100% of commercial primary breeding chickens and turkeys poultry flocks, 25% of game bird flocks, and 25% of mail order hatchery flocks. |
| Coverage: |
|
The NPIP is a national program that includes 48 Official State Agencies. Participating hatcheries include over 300 egg and meat type, over 50 turkey, and over 700 waterfowl, exhibition poultry and game birds. |
Data collection
location(s): |
|
Samples are collected on farm, at the laboratory, and in the event of a show, an exhibition, or interstate/international movement. |
| Samples Collected: |
|
Blood, eggs, and environmental samples (hatchery debris) are collected for AI testing for the NPIP. |
| Data Collected: |
|
Flock, and premises information are collected for the NPIP. |
| Frequency: |
|
Samples are collected daily for the NPIP. For primary flocks, 30 birds per flock are tested at 4 months of age and then at 90-day intervals. For multiplier flocks, 30 birds per flock are tested at 4 months of age and then at 180-day intervals. In waterfowl, exhibition, and gamebird primary breeder flocks, 30 birds per flock are tested at 4 months of age and then at 90-day intervals. For commercial table-egg layer flocks, 11 birds or eggs per flock are tested once every 12 months or at 30 days prior to disposal for commercial table-egg premises with more than 75,000 birds. For commercial broiler flocks, 11 birds per shift are tested at slaughter, or 11 samples per flock no more than 21 days prior to slaughter for meat-type chickens associated with a plant that slaughters at least 200,000 birds per week. For commercial turkey flocks, 6 birds per flock are tested within 21 days of slaughter of at slaughter for meat-type turkeys associated federally inspected plants that slaughter more than 2 million birds annually. |
| Reporting / Information Distribution Process: |
|
Annual NPIP reports are generated for Veterinary Services, states, and industry. |
| Scope: |
|
In 2007, more than 2.3 million birds were tested for AI as part of the NPIP Surveillance Program. |
|
Where to find additional information: |
| Resources: |
|
Additional information about the NPIP program is available on the Veterinary Services - NPIP Program Web site:
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/poultry/
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/poultry/ai/avian_influenza_surveillance_plan_062907.pdf
|
| |
|
Note: These links will transfer you to Web sites outside of the National Animal Health Surveillance System (NAHSS).
The NAHSS makes no guarantees or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information on the
accessed Web sites.
|
| This information was last updated on: |
|
Sep 1, 2008 |
Show more records for species =
Avian
Show more records for disease =
Avian influenza
Return to Inventory Home Page
|
|
